○  The Collectivizationa and De  ○

than 10 years from the de-collectivization. As a result, land reform in China has emerged as a difficult issue in rural areas of exchange between social equality and economic efficiency. It seems obvious that since the mid-1980s the wide rural society has been caught in this predicament: where social equality or equity worsened, and at same time economic efficiency held back.. According to statistics, average net income in countryside has been slowed down for years. In 2000, the household average income only reached 272 dollars, but the Gini coefficient in China base in urban and rural areas rose from 0.21 in 1978 to more than 0. 46.

brief conclusion
Looking closely at the institution, an important lesson might be learned. Currently, the goals of equality or equity are still outstandingly important. Thus, an effective reform strategy in China in the current environment must satisfy these norm and then seek efficiency incrementally. Otherwise, it is unlikely that any reform approach or process can succeed. The clarification of land as one of significant property rights has confirmed to be still at an early stage. So far farmers have only insufficient property rights, or we can say that peasants' property rights based of land is still unstable, it is corroded by the current system itself. What’s more, peasants cannot get compensation for their contribution even if they choose to leave or no longer active in their village. Peasants suffer from inevitable low efficiency but they find no way to change the reality. At same time, surplus agricultural labor continues to grow in villages, slowing down the progress of rural industrialization and urbanization, which are still the aim of Chinese reform.
Since the inadequacy of property rights encumbers the rural reform process, further clarification of land rights will undoubtedly be a key issue. Although this question is still very controversial and disputed, if there will be no essential change, it is likely th

 << 上一页  [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] 下一页